疾病背景介紹
具有多層玫瑰花環(huán)的胚胎腫瘤 C19MC 變異 (ETMR) 是世衛(wèi)組織 IV 級(jí)侵略性胚胎腫瘤,是罕見的致命小兒腦腫瘤,其特征是C19MC位點(diǎn)在19q13.12的改變,這是在 2016 年世衛(wèi)組織中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)腫瘤分類(CNS) 中新定義的。ETMR 主要影響 4 歲及 4 歲兒童,并表現(xiàn)出快速成長(zhǎng)和積極的臨床課程(平均存活期為組合療法后 12 個(gè)月)。大多數(shù)小兒CNS胚胎腫瘤以前被診斷為胚胎腫瘤與豐富的神經(jīng)樁和真正的玫瑰花環(huán)(ETANTR),腎上腺母細(xì)胞瘤(EBL)和髓質(zhì)瘤(ME),任何CNS胚胎腫瘤與C19MC放大或融合包括在這個(gè)實(shí)體。
探針描述
紅色熒光探針665kb標(biāo)記C19MC(19q13.42),綠色熒光950kb標(biāo)記ZNF443 (19P13)整個(gè)基因。
臨床意義
C19MC 的放大與聚類中可驅(qū)動(dòng)增殖、促進(jìn)生存和增加細(xì)胞腫瘤致癌性的 miRNA 的顯著過(guò)度表達(dá)有關(guān)。3過(guò)度表達(dá)的 miRNA 的致癌特性反映了 C19MC 的一些已知功能。在正常發(fā)育中,C19MC位點(diǎn)被假定用于控制一般"干細(xì)胞"程序,因?yàn)樵S多C19MC miRNA顯示表達(dá)僅限于未分化的組織或細(xì)菌組織,并且其表達(dá)方式隨著人類胚胎干細(xì)胞的分化而減少。5–7進(jìn)一步支持C19MC與干細(xì)胞的關(guān)聯(lián),多能相關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子10月4日和Nanog可能調(diào)節(jié)人類胚胎干細(xì)胞中的C19MC miRNA。在人類中,C19MC在早孕期間的營(yíng)養(yǎng)細(xì)胞分化和植入方面進(jìn)行了廣泛的研究,C19MC對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)細(xì)胞的遷移和侵入能力的獲取進(jìn)行了規(guī)范 。C19MC的過(guò)度表達(dá)可以通過(guò)對(duì)抗EMT和通過(guò)對(duì)多能因素(如OCT4和FGF4[67])的調(diào)節(jié)來(lái)促進(jìn)原始干細(xì)胞表型,從而抑制分化過(guò)程。這些數(shù)據(jù)暗示了C19MC在維持多能細(xì)胞狀態(tài)方面所起的關(guān)鍵作用,這種途徑也被C19MC放大的腫瘤所利用,如ETMR。
參考文獻(xiàn)
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